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| | :: C :: |
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|  |  | Cadence |
| | | Usually, the name given to the time taken to accomplish each repetition (both concentric and eccentric count). Cadence is also used to describe the time taken between exercises and sets. |
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| | | Caffeine |
| | | A natural stimulant found in many common foods and beverages, including coffee, tea and chocolate. |
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| | | Caliper |
| | | An instrument used to measure skin fold thickness. |
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| | | Calorie |
| | | Calories are used to measure the amount of energy expenditure. The calories referred to in diet and exercise are 1000 of the calories referred to in science labs for measuring chemical reactions; known as kilocalories (kcal). |
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| | | Calorie Balance |
| | Is the difference between how many calories you eat (calorie intake) and how many you burn (calorie expenditure). When the calories you eat equal the calories you burn, you maintain your weight. Eating more calories than you burn, results in weight gain. Burning more calories than you eat, results in weight loss. |
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| | | Cap |
| | The deltoid muscle of the shoulder, which can be divided into front, middle and rear heads for training. |
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| | | Carbohydrate |
| | Carbohydrates are organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates function as a very effective fuel source for the body. Different types of carbohydrates include starches, sugars, and fibers, and are classified into three groups - monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Four calories per gram are contained in each Carbohydrate. |
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| | | Cardiac Cycle |
| | The length of time from the beginning of one heart beat to the beginning of the next, the systolic and diastolic movement, and the interval in between. |
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| | | Cardiac Output |
| | The volume of blood pumped out by the heart in a given unit of time. |
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| | | Cartilage |
| | The name given to rubbery, dense fibrous tissue. Cartilage is harder than ligaments, but softer than bone. Cartilage permits smooth movement of joints and is usually found between bones. |
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| | | Cellulite |
| | A no medical term often used to describe subcutaneous fat (fat beneath the skin). |
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| | | Circuit Training |
| | | Circuit training is a type of workout that involves the individual goes from one exercise to another. One set per movement, per round, is performed, with minimal rest. The end result is some aerobic benefit at the expense of maximal strength gains. |
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| | | Cholesterol |
| | | Cholesterol is a type of lipid (fatty substance) that builds inside tissues; it can be obtained form eating animal products or produced by the body. The total cholesterol is not as important as the ratio of low-density lipoproteins, LDLs to high-density lipoproteins, HDLs. The recommended ratio is below 5 to 1. Arteriosclerosis can result from cholesterol accumulation in the arteries, due to excess saturated fats in the diet, and lack of exercise. |
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| | | Compound |
| | | When exercises require more than one joint to complete, they are known as compound. Another name is multi-joint exercises. Examples of compound exercises are the squat and the deadlift. Leg curls or extensions are one-joint (isolation) movements. |
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| | | Contracture |
| | When a tissue, usually a muscle, shortens or distorts. Contractures can be permanent if caused by scar tissue. |
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